ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To review the research progress of the feasibility of a new treatment method for atrophic rhinitis (ATR) based on tissue engineering technology (seed cells, scaffold materials, and growth factors), and provide new ideas for the treatment of ATR.@*METHODS@#The literature related to ATR was extensively reviewed. Focusing on the three aspects of seed cells, scaffold materials, and growth factors, the recent research progress of ATR treatment was reviewed, and the future directions of tissue engineering technology to treat ATR were proposed.@*RESULTS@#The pathogenesis and etiology of ATR are still unclear, and the effectiveness of the current treatments are still unsatisfactory. The construction of a cell-scaffold complex with sustained and controlled release of exogenous cytokines is expected to reverse the pathological changes of ATR, promoting the regeneration of normal nasal mucosa and reconstructing the atrophic turbinate. In recent years, the research progress of exosomes, three-dimensional printing, and organoids will promote the development of tissue engineering technology for ATR.@*CONCLUSION@#Tissue engineering technology can provide a new treatment method for ATR.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tissue Engineering/methods , Tissue Scaffolds , Rhinitis, Atrophic , Printing, Three-Dimensional , CytokinesABSTRACT
La rinitis atrófica es una enfermedad crónica progresiva caracterizada por dilatación anormal de las cavidades nasales con atrofia de la mucosa, submucosa y cornetes nasales subyacentes. Los factores etiopatogénicos aún son desconocidos. Su presentación clínica consiste en congestión nasal paradójica asociado a secreciones viscosas, con presencia de costras secas de mal olor. La higiene nasal con irrigación de alto volumen y baja presión es el estándar de tratamiento médico. El tratamiento quirúrgico busca reducir el tamaño de las cavidades nasales y promover la regeneración de la mucosa nasal así como también su vascularización y lubricación. A lo largo de la historia se han descrito múltiples procedimientos quirúrgicos que han buscado estrechar la cavidad nasal para permitir el paso de aire de forma más fisiológica. Por otra parte, se han propuesto intervenciones radicales como el cierre de las fosas nasales para disminuir los síntomas y mejorar la calidad de vida. En este artículo se resumen los principales manejos y procedimientos propuestos junto con sus resultados y conclusiones. Si bien la mayoría de las técnicas descritas ya no se utilizan en la actualidad, es importante conocerlas ya que aún existen pacientes que fueron sometidos a ellas pudiendo presentar complicaciones y/o efectos adversos.
Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic progressive disease characterized by abnormal dilatation of the nasal cavities with atrophy of the mucosa, nasal submucosa and underlying nasal turbinates. The etiopathogenic factors are still unknown. Its clinical presentation consists of paradoxical nasal congestion associated with viscous secretions, usually with the presence of dry, bad-smelling crusts. Nasal hygiene with high pressure irrigation remains the standard of medical treatment. Surgical treatment seeks to reduce the size of nasal cavities and promote regeneration of nasal mucosa as well as its vascularization and lubrication. Throughout history, multiple surgical procedures have been described that have sought the narrowing of the nasal cavity to allow the passage of air more physiologically. On the other hand, radical interventions have been proposed such as the closure of the nostrils to reduce symptoms and improve quality. This article summarizes the main proposed procedures along with their results and conclusions. Although most of the techniques described are no longer used today, it is important to know them since there are still patients who were subjected to them and may present complications and / or adverse effects.
Subject(s)
Rhinitis, Atrophic/therapy , Rhinitis, Atrophic/surgery , Rhinitis, Atrophic/drug therapyABSTRACT
Acharya Sushruta stated 28 Nasagata rogas. Out of these 28 Nasagata rogas some features of Pootinashya, Dushtha Pratishyaya and Apeenasa are similar to the clinical features of Atrophic Rhinitis (AR). Apeenasa is a Nasagata Roga characterized by nasal obstruction, running nose, Dryness of nose, anosmia, and loss of taste. This condition can be co-related with Atrophic Rhinitis. Though there are many modalities described in modern ENT, still it is not possible to cease the Permanent Impairment. In Ayurved many modalities are being described for Urdhwajatrugata Rogas and for Nasagata Vikara. Among them Nasya (administered of drugs in to nasal cavity) is best. As it is a Kapha Pradhana Vikara, Katu Dhoomapana can also be added to this procedure. The Nashya procedure is explained by Brihatrayees. The complete procedure of Nashya includes Poorva Karma (Snehana and Swedana), mobilizes the Doshas to the site of elimination and causes vasodilatation which helps in elimination of Doshas and provides better channel for absorption of the Oushadhi. Pradhana Karma (Nashya) eliminates the Doshas. Kavala as Paschat Karma eliminates the remaining Doshas and causes better absorption of the Oushadhi which ultimately eliminates the symptoms of the disease. A clinical observation has shown effective result in the treatment of AR with Shadbindu Taila Nasya and Trikatu Dhoomapana. And here we are revalidating the statement of our Acharyas. A case report of a female, aged 38 years with complain of nasal obstruction, foul smell from nose, anosmia, headache, nasal discharge, sneezing and general weakness has been presented here.
ABSTRACT
Atrophic Rhinitis is a form of chronic rhinitis in which the nasal mucosa atrophies and hardens; eventually causing the nasal passages to dilate and dry out. Other prominent findings include foul smelling crusts and bleeding. Despite various local, medical and surgical methods suggested for the treatment of this slowly progressing disease, the problem with respect to the proper maintenance of the nasal valve area remains unsolved. The alar stent prevents the narrowing of the nostrils and helps in maintaining the airway patency. This article describes a simplified, non-invasive technique for the fabrication of a heat polymerized clear acrylic resin alar stent for treating the atrophic rhinitis patient.
Subject(s)
Acrylic Resins , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Nasal Obstruction/prevention & control , Prostheses and Implants , Rhinitis, Atrophic/complications , Rhinitis, Atrophic/rehabilitation , Rhinitis, Atrophic/therapy , StentsABSTRACT
Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, is a rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma originating in the nasal cavity or in the paranasal sinuses. Atrophic rhinitis is a debilitating chronic nasal mucosal disease of unknown etiology. However, there have not been any reports on the occurrence of nasal NK/T cell lymphoma in patients with atrophic rhinitis. We experienced a case of the extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma in the left nasal cavity, which had been misdiagnosed as atrophic rhinitis in a 39-year-old female. Thus, we report this rare case with a review of the literature.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Lymphoma , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin , Nasal Cavity , Paranasal Sinuses , Rhinitis, AtrophicABSTRACT
La rinitis atrófica es una enfermedad crónica y progresiva de etiología desconocida. Se caracteriza por atrofia de la mucosa nasal y hueso subyacente, dilatación anormal de las cavidades nasales, obstrucción nasal paradójica, y formación de secreciones viscosas y costras secas; produciendo fetidez. Sus manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes son obstrucción nasal, secreción purulenta, costras nasales y mal olor nasal. Se ha separado en dos entidades: primaria y secundaria. El tratamiento es principalmente conservador, y se han propuesto diversas terapias farmacológicas y quirúrgicas. La rinitis atrófica unilateral es una condición infrecuente, con escasos reportes en la literatura científica. Se puede asociar a la desviación septal, por lo que su corrección quirúrgica es una alternativa terapéutica disponible.
Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic disease of unknown etiology. This condition is characterized by progressive nasal mucosal and underlyng bone atrophy, abnormal widening of the nasal cavities, paradoxical nasal congestion and formation of viscid secretions and dried crusts, leading to a characteristic fetor (ozaena). The main clinical manifestations include nasal obstruction, purulent discharge, daily nasal crusting, nasal dryness and foul smell. It has been divided into two separate entities; primary and secondary. Treatment is mostly conservative, although pharmacological and surgical therapies have been proposed. Unilateral atrophic rhinitis is an uncommon condition, with few reports in the scientific literature. It is associated with septum deviation, so surgical correction is one of the therapeutic options available.
Subject(s)
Humans , Rhinitis, Atrophic/diagnosis , Rhinitis, Atrophic/therapy , Rhinitis, Atrophic/etiology , Rhinitis, Atrophic/pathologyABSTRACT
La Leishmaniasis es una enfermedad parasitaria que en su infección a mucosas presenta lesiones ulceradas extensas, y que en su compromiso nasal afecta principalmente el septum. Es una enfermedad de predilección por zonas climáticas por debajo de los 1..750 metros, en clima cálido y húmedo, conzonas endémicas en nuestro país. Reportamos en nuestro servicio, el caso de una paciente de 66 años, con historia de aproximadamente 15 años de obstrucción nasal y perforación septal. Diagnóstico de rinitis alérgica con pobre respuesta al manejo médico. Con antecedente de habitar por 16 años zonaendémica para Leishmania con lesión en miembro inferior derecho por picadura de pito. Biopsia de borde de perforación septal positiva para la enfermedad.
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic illness that in its infection to mucosa presents extensive ulcerated lesions and that in its nasal commitment it affects mainly the septum. It is an illness of predilection for climatic areas below the 1.750 meters, in warm and humid climate, with endemic areas in our country. We report in our service, the case of a 66 year old patient, with approximately 15 years of history of nasal obstruction and septal perforation. Diagnosis of rhinitis allergic with poor response to the medical management. With antecedent of inhabiting for 16 years in endemic area for Leishmania with lesion in the right leg for sting of I whistle. Biopsy of the edge of septal perforation was positive for theillness.
Subject(s)
Humans , Leishmaniasis/complications , Leishmaniasis/transmissionABSTRACT
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare benign disease of trachea characterized by numerous osseocartilaginous nodules protruding into the tracheobronchial lumen. The etiology of TO is unknown; however, an association with upper respiratory diseases such as atrophic rhinitis has been suggested. The authors report a case of TO with atrophic rhinitis with related literatures.
Subject(s)
Osteochondrodysplasias , Rhinitis, Atrophic , Trachea , Tracheal DiseasesABSTRACT
La rinitis atrófica es una de las causas del Síndrome de nariz vacía, la cual está relacionada con colonización por gérmenes, inflamación crónica y posterior atrofia progresiva de la mucosa nasal. Típicamente produce síntomas obstructivos nasales, rinorrea y costras fétidas. Se presenta el caso en imágenes endoscópicas, tomográficas y de cultivo en una paciente femenina en la cual por sus comorbilidades el manejo fue exclusivamente médico.
Atrophic rhinitis is one of the causes of the empty nose syndrome that is related to colonization by germs, chronic inflammation and subsequent progressive atrophy of the nasal mucosa. Typically produces nasal obstructive symptoms, runny nose and fetid crusts. Endoscopy, tomography and culture images of a female patient is presented in which by her co-morbidities associated the treatment was medical exclusively.
Subject(s)
Rhinitis, Atrophic/diagnosis , Rhinitis, Atrophic/psychology , Rhinitis, Atrophic/rehabilitation , Rhinitis, Atrophic/therapyABSTRACT
Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a rare genetic disorder characterized by absence or diminished numbers of structures derived from the ectoderm, and it is reported to be inherited as an x-linked recessive trait. It is recognized clinically by anhidrosis, hypotrichosis, anodontia or reduced numbers of teeth with deformed shape and characteristic facial features. In addition, otolaryngological manifestations include atrophic rhinitis, sensorineural hearing loss, and conductive hearing loss and satyr ear, among others. Early diagnosis of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia can prevent fatal hyperpyrexia and appropriate genetic counseling can be followed to make a reasonable future plans for the pediatric patient. A 2-month-old infant was referred with symptoms of intermittent nasal obstruction and crust formation in both nasal cavities. The nasal endoscope demonstrated atrophic changes of nasal mucosa and radiologic study showed an unerupted conical shaped tooth. The diagnosis of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia was confirmed with the finger impression test that revealed deficiency of sweat pores. We report a case of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with a review of the literature.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Anodontia , Diagnosis , Ear , Early Diagnosis , Ectoderm , Ectodermal Dysplasia , Endoscopes , Fingers , Genetic Counseling , Hearing Loss, Conductive , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural , Hypohidrosis , Hypotrichosis , Nasal Cavity , Nasal Mucosa , Nasal Obstruction , Rhinitis, Atrophic , Sweat , ToothABSTRACT
Objective To explore a better method for treatment atrophic rhinitis.Methods 56 patients with atrophic rhinitis(96 lateral)were treated by nasal submucou pediculated bone-suberiosteal muscle flap extracted from anterior wall of sinus maxillaries.Results All patients were followed 2 to 10 years,total effective rate was 100 %, with 49 cases(87.5 %)showing prominent effect.Conclusion The grafted flap cannot be assimilated,felled off and necrosis,because the flap has rich blood supply.This methods has obvious short-term effective and stable long-term effective.No complications were found.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Nasal myiasis is very distressing condition of the nose that occurs among patients with atrophic rhinitis. This condition is frequently found among those belonging to the lower socioeconomic status suffering from bad nasal hygienic conditions. A retrospective study was done of 58 cases of patients admitted for nasal myiasis. All the patients belonged to the lower socio- economic class and suffered from poor hygienic condition. The majority of the patients were over the age of 60 years and male female ratio was 1 : 1.5 .The primary complaints of this condition were epistaxis, foul smelling nasal discharge, passage of worms from the nose and pain. The majority of the patients were suffering from primary atrophic rhinitis and a few from the secondary atrophic rhinitis due to syphilis and leprosy. TREATMENT: As a first step of treatment, the maggots were removed manually and endoscopically. All the patients became maggot free in 2-3 days time. Alkaline nasal douching was then started along with 25% glucose in glycerine nasal drop. Complications such as septal perforation, saddling nose, palatal perforation were observed in a few cases. The incomplete closure of nose (modified Young's operation) was performed in a few cases. CONCLUSION: Manual and endoscopic removal should be done repeatedly. Antimeningitis prophylaxis should be started at once. And, to prevent recurrence, mosquito net should be used while sleeping, and incomplete closure of both the nasal cavity (modified Young's operation) should be carried out.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Epistaxis , Glucose , Glycerol , Larva , Leprosy , Mosquito Nets , Myiasis , Nasal Cavity , Nose , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Rhinitis, Atrophic , Smell , Social Class , Syphilis , Therapeutic IrrigationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The goblet cells secrete mucus in response to a wide variety of stimuli, playing an important role on increased nasal secretion. One of the main symptoms and signs in atrophic rhinitis and rhinitis sicca is a crust formation that fill up the nasal cavity, obstructing the nasal cavity. It has been suggested to be caused by mucosal atrophy and decreased nasal secretion. Nevertheless, distribution of goblet cells in both rhinitis has not been evaluated in the whole surface of inferior turbinate. The present study was to investigate the distribution density of goblet cells in the inferior turbinate of both rhinitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Impression cytology, using nitroscellulose membrane, was performed in inferior turbinates of normal control, rhinitis sicca and atrophic rhinitis patients. The membrane was fixed in the fixative and then stained with Alcian Blue. RESULTS: The membrane stained with Alcian Blue defined the whole distribution of goblet cells which was present in the medial surface of the inferior turbinate. In normal nasal turbinates, goblet cells were evenly distributed, and did not differ in their distribution density. In rhinitis sicca, goblet cells were irregularly distributed, showing a moth-eaten appearance in the anterior and mid-portion, whereas they gained the same distribution as the normal turbinate for the posterior portion. Atrophic rhinitis had a few number of goblet cells even in the mid-and posterior portion of the inferior turbinate. CONCLUSION: Impression cytology proves to be a reliable and efficient method for the evaluation of goblet cells distributed in the inferior turbinates. The present study demonstrated that goblet cells decreased in their number in inferior turbinates of both rhinitis, suggesting their major role in decreased nasal secretion.